root.sh consists of a set of scripts in 11gR2 and it accomplish lots of task after runInstaller. Below is the detailed task behind root.sh in 11gR2. (there are minor difference between 11.2.0.1 and 11.2.0.2).
I draft this based on 11.2.0.2 fresh GI installation and will come up with upgrade scenario which is rootupgrade.sh later.

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