GNU/Linux Advanced Administration
February 4th, 2010
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非常不错的一本电子书，从GNU/Linux的来历，发行版，内核，一直讲到GNU/Linux的管理（包括工具，网络管理，数据管理，服务器管理，安全管理，配置管理和优化以至于集群技术）非常的全面和细致，共享一下。
Archive
Posts Tagged ‘linux’
Linux System and Performance Monitoring
January 15th, 2010
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新年第一篇
转载sanotes的这篇非常实用的Linux System and Performance Monitoring 翻译文档，包括CPU篇，内存篇，IO篇，网络篇，总结篇等五个部分，整理成了pdf方便下载。
Learning Vim
November 17th, 2009
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最新发现的Vim里面的一些不太常用，但是非常强大的功能，包括列选定，分屏等等，学习并记录之。
这个思维导图来自于Joe Marinez的blog
摘录下来从中学到的几个命令：
Marking Text：
v = start visual mode
V = start linewise visual mode
ctrl-v = start blockwise visual mode
o = move to other end of marked area
U = upper case of marked area
O = move to Other corner of block
> = shift right
< = shift left
y = yank
d = delete
~ = switch case
Multi-File:
:sp fn = open a file in new buffer and split window
ctrl-w s = split window
ctrl-w w = switch windows
ctrl w – window commands
ctrl-w q = quit a window
ctrl-w v = split windows vertically
Tab Commands:
:tabe fn = edit file in new tab
gt = next tab
gT = previous tabs
:tabr = First tab
:tabl = Last tab
:tabm [N] = move current tab after tab N
NTFS分区修复记
November 11th, 2009
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用Ubuntu已经一年多了，月初更新到了最新的版本9.10，在update的时候不小心把grub列表中Windows的entry弄丢了，麻烦的事情开始了。
虽然我自己已经正式在Linux办公多时了，但是有时候还是私人要回到Windows下处理一下网银之类的应用（可恶的招行网银，不知道什么时候才能支持Linux）。首先在/boot/grub/menu.lst中加上了Windows的菜单，但是还需要知道是哪个引导分区，但是一下子想不起来哪个是Windows的引导分区，只好进到grub，用root (hdx, y）的方法去列出来，一个一个的尝试一遍，这一尝试不要紧，卷莫名的把我的一个NTFS分区的引导给破坏了。
尝试的最后结果是引导分区找到了，但是NTFS分区识别不了了。在Linux下面的现象就是无法mount，回到Windows下面，结果是此分区尚未格式化，是否格式化？吓个心惊肉掉，里面是这两年的全部收藏，包括无数的重要文档，资料，图片，工具等等。
想办法，搜索了一下，遇到这个问题的人还不在少数，Linux WIKI上说用微软自己开发的dskprobe去手动修改，，我下载了一个，尝试了一下，够复杂，全部是十六进制数据，看了半天，楞没敢下手。
还有一些其他办法，比如在Linux下面把分区头dd多大一个大小，然后修改，如何在恢复，感觉还是不太靠谱，还有简单的办法就是用Windows安装盘进去直接修复MBR，这个方法简单是简单，问题是多年不用windows，一时半会找个安装盘是个大问题，放弃。
最后继续搜索，找到了分区表医生软件PTTD (partition table doctor)，几百k的绿色软件，下载下来，一眼就看到分区D有把大大的叉，右键单击修复，修复成功，重启机器，搞定，前后不到5分钟。东西全部回来了！
自由软件运动和Richard Stallman大师
October 18th, 2009
4 comments
昨天跟szlug的同学们一起组团去珠海参加哲思社区的2009自由软件峰会，会议地点在珠海金山公司总部。
其实此行最重要的还是去围观大牛Richard.M. Stallman，相信熟悉GNU/Linux的人一定都不会错过这样近距离接触世界级大师的机会。
众所周知，Richard Stallman大师是世界自由软件运动的创始者和先驱，是GNU的发起者和FSF主席。自从上世纪70年代以来，一直致力于自由软件为人类的思想。近距离聆听大师布道，确实感想和收获颇多。
大师每每讲到精彩处，都会爆发阵阵掌声，大师崇尚的自由软件颇有点我为人人，人人为我的共产主义意味，从他1970s在MIT打印机驱动程序的故事讲起，演讲持续了一个多小时，过程中他反复强调：software should be free
他的自由软件的哲学思想是：
Free software is a matter of the users’ freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software
详细的阐述为四个自由，自由0到自由3，详细的解释参考
在一定程度上，自由软件跟我们通常所说的开源软件还不是一码事，事实上，大师并不认同开源软件，一个同行的哥们拿了一个Gentoo的光盘，想请大师签名，被他坚定的拒绝了，他解释说，这不是真正的GNU/Linux，他并不认同，有性格！
回来后才知道，著名的gcc，gdb，emacs都是大师的作品，orz…
关于更多，请参考徐继哲写的Richard stallman和自由软件运动
和stallman大师的合影（他还在忙着帮别人签名）
the Church of Emacs（穿上戏服，带上光环，还真有那么回事哈）
Ubuntu的两个bug
October 9th, 2009
2 comments
这两天在office的电脑和家里的laptop上分别遇到了两个ubuntu的bug，记录一下。
office的ubuntu从最初的8.04，到8.10一直到9.04用的挺好，很少关机和重启，放假八天，为了省电，就顺手把电脑关了。回来的时候，发现两个屏幕无法切换成扩展模式了，只能显示为mirror了（之前买了一个单独的显卡，这样一台主机接两个19“的显示器，看起来爽多了），从终端启动gnome-display-properties或者在设置里面点击显示，GUI出来之后CPU立刻就被吃掉了80%以上，搜索了一下，是一个bug，Bug#375368，好像状态是invalid，因为最初的filer长时间没响应。 
最近Ubuntu 9.10 beta已经出来几天了，闲来无事，就把家里笔记本上的系统升级到9.10，尝尝鲜，结果升级之后，无线网络可以连上，有线无论如何都无法连上，而我用的电信ADSL是需要登录的，郁闷，只有退出到Windows，然后找了一下，发现果然是一个network-manage的bug，手工从终端启动pppoe-config然后配置之后，就可以了。详细情况参考这里
看来beta还是不太稳定哈，还有20天，9.10就正式release了，希望到时候少些问题，而且9.10是一个LTS版本9.10 不是 LTS, 10.04 才是，感谢cloud指正，打算把office的也升上去。
Ubuntu9.10 is coming
October 4th, 2009
2 comments
Using vi
July 8th, 2009
2 comments
General Startup
| ”’To use vi:”’ | vi filename |
| ”’To exit vi and save changes:”’ | :wq |
| ”’To exit vi and save changes:”’ |  |
| ”’To exit vi without saving changes:”’ | :q! |
| ”’To enter vi command mode:”’ | [esc] |
Counts
A number preceding any vi command tells vi to repeat that command that many times.
Cursor Movement
| h | move left (backspace) |
| j | move down |
| k | move up |
| l | move right (spacebar) |
| [return] | move to the beginning of the next line |
| $ | last column on the current line |
| 0 | move cursor to the first column on the current line |
| ^ | move cursor to first nonblank column on the current line |
| w | move to the beginning of the next word or punctuation mark |
| W | move past the next space |
| b | move to the beginning of the previous word or punctuation mark |
| B | move to the beginning of the previous word, ignores punctuation |
| e | end of next word or punctuation mark |
| E | end of next word, ignoring punctuation |
| H | move cursor to the top of the screen |
| M | move cursor to the middle of the screen |
| L | move cursor to the bottom of the screen |
Screen Movement
| G | move to the last line in the file |
| xG | move to line x |
| z+ | move current line to top of screen |
| z | move current line to the middle of screen |
| z- | move current line to the bottom of screen |
| ^F | move forward one screen |
| ^B | move backward one line |
| ^D | move forward one half screen |
| ^U | move backward one half screen |
| ^R | redraw screen (does not work with VT100 type terminals) |
| ^L | redraw screen (does not work with Televideo terminals) |
Inserting
| r | replace character under cursor with next character typed |
| R | keep replacing character until [esc] is hit |
| i | insert before cursor |
| a | append after cursor |
| A | append at end of line |
| O | open line above cursor and enter append mode |
Deleting
| x | delete character under cursor |
| dd | delete line under cursor |
| dw | delete word under cursor |
| db | delete word before cursor |
Copying Code
| yy | (yank)’copies’ line which may then be put by the p(put) command. Precede with a count for multiple lines. |
Put Command
brings back previous deletion or yank of lines, words, or characters
| P | bring back before cursor |
| p | bring back after cursor |
Find Commands
| ? | finds a word going backwards |
| / | finds a word going forwards |
| f | finds a character on the line under the cursor going forward |
| F | finds a character on the line under the cursor going backwards |
| t | find a character on the current line going forward and stop one character before it |
| T | find a character on the current line going backward and stop one character before it |
| ; | repeat last f, F, t, T |
Miscellaneous Commands
| . | repeat last command |
| u | undoes last command issued |
| U | undoes all commands on one line |
| xp | deletes first character and inserts after second (swap) |
| J | join current line with the next line |
| ^G | display current line number |
| % | if at one parenthesis, will jump to its mate |
| mx | mark current line with character x |
| ‘x | find line marked with character x |
”’NOTE:”’ Marks are internal and not written to the file.
Line Editor Mode
Any commands form the line editor ”’ex”’ can be issued upon entering line mode.
| To enter: type ‘:’ |
| To exit: press [return] or [esc] |
Substitution
:#,#s/old/new/g
| # | line number range |
| old | pattern to replace |
| new | pattern to insert |
| g | optional key for global substitution (multiple occurences of old on the same line will not be replace without this) |
Reading Files
copies (reads) filename after cursor in file currently editing
| :r filename |
Write File
| :w | saves the current file without quitting |
Moving
| :# | move to line # |
| :$ | move to last line of file |
Shell Escape
executes ‘cmd’ as a shell command.
| :!’cmd’ |
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