软件测试基础-软件测试
不知道最近几年软件测试在高校中是否有专门的专业或者课程,或者说细分到测试这么细的分支。但是毫无疑问的是,软件测试已经成为软件行业一个越来越重要的分支了,因为高校里面没有专门的专业,甚至可能没有专门的课程进行系统的学习,那么从事这个行业的广大测试同行这部分的基础知识可能就都是通过自学、培训机构得来了。软件测试跟软件开发一样,也是一门系统的科学,包括的范畴也很广泛:测试流程,测试管理,测试工具,测试方法等等。
我打算利用接下来的一段时间,从wiki(维基百科,国内绝大部分用户可能无法访问)转载一些软件测试基础相关的概念,跟大家分享,首先就从软件测试的基本定义和测试用例开始。
Software testing is the process of exercising a software to verify that it satisfies its requirements and to detect errors. Software testing is an empirical technical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test[1] , with respect to the context in which it is intended to operate. This includes, but is not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs. Quality is not an absolute; it is value to some person. With that in mind, testing can never completely establish the correctness of arbitrary computer software; testing furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behaviour of the product against a specification. An important point is that software testing should be distinguished from the separate discipline of Software Quality Assurance (S.Q.A.), which encompasses all business process areas, not just testing.[citation needed]
Over its existence, computer software has continued to grow in complexity and size. Every software product has a target audience. For example, a video game software has its audience completely different from banking software. Therefore, when an organization develops or otherwise invests in a software product, it presumably must assess whether the software product will be acceptable to its end users, its target audience, its purchasers, and other stakeholders. Software testing is the process of attempting to make this assessment.
A study conducted by NIST in 2002 reports that software bugs cost the U.S. economy $59.5 billion annually. More than a third of this cost could be avoided if better software testing was performed.[2]
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